Where do our most fundamental political ideas come from?and how have they been challenged, refined, and reimagined across time? Spanning the years between the early eighteenth and late nineteenth centuries, Against Obedience brings together eleven seminal essays that have shaped the intellectual foundations of the modern world. From Immanuel Kant's call to intellectual maturity?Sapere aude, dare to know?to Henry David Thoreau's defence of principled resistance, these texts trace the emergence of a powerful and enduring idea: that human beings possess the capacity, and the right, to think for themselves. Within these pages, Voltaire and David Hume explore the institutions that sustain liberty, while John Stuart Mill offers its most influential philosophical defence. Mary Wollstonecraft and Mill challenge the exclusion of women from political life, while Rousseau, Robert Owen, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels question whether freedom can exist without social and economic justice. Jonathan Swift's devastating satire serves as a warning against the dangers of reducing human beings to mere calculations. Taken together, these essays form not a doctrine but a tradition?one that continues to shape debates about liberty, authority, equality, and justice.