This book is designed for BE|BTech|BSc|MSc students of all Indian universities. An easy-to-understand text with crisp but complete explanations of topics will enable the students to understand the basic concepts easily. This book is organized into 10 chapters. Chapter 1 is an introduction to computer evolution, organization and architecture, classification and performance benchmarks and measurements. Chapters 2 to 4 are a concise presentation of number systems, binary codes, basic computer arithmetic and digital electronics devices and circuits, which are necessary to understand the computer hardware. The last 6 chapters are devoted to various concepts of computer architecture and organization. Salient features ? Clear explanation of concepts with appropriate diagrams. ? Emphasis on architecture and organization of personal computer (PC) with special attention to Intel processors ? Exclusive details on Intel 8088 and ARM processors, memory and IO, parallel processing of computers and features of Intel advanced processors. ? Basic concepts of processor architecture are explained through a hypothetical processor EduP1. ? The architecture, instruction set, addressing modes and assembly language programming example of EduP1 are presented for better understanding of the basic concepts of a processor that is used as CPU in a personal computer.