this Textbook is based on the Model Curriculum for BMLS (or BSc MLT) and for DMLS (or DMLT) issued by GOI. While the Model Curriculum of learning is semester-based (8 semesters for BMLS and 4 semesters for DMLS), this textbook has been designed on the basis of different specialties of learning for these courses. Therefore, in order to make it easy for the users, both these curricula for each semester have been given in the opening pages along with corresponding page numbers for study from the textbook to make it easy for learners to locate the content in the textbook. This textbook stands apart from other available books on the subject in having contribution to each major Part/Section by subject experts who are well known professionals with wide experience in their field of study, diagnostic work and teaching. This way, not only the overall content in the textbook is outstanding but also any bias or tilt towards a particular specialty of interest of the editor is avoided.